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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
*scratch¹
/skrætʃ ||; skrætʃ/verb
1 [I,T] scratch (at sth) to rub your skin with your nails, especially because it is irritating you (itching) 抓；搔；搔痒: Don't scratch at your insect bites or they'll get worse. 给虫子咬了别去搔，不然越搔越糟糕。 Could you scratch my back for me? 你可以给我搔搔背吗？ She sat and scratched her head as she thought about the problem. 她坐着一边搔头，一边想问题。
2 [I,T] to make a mark on a surface or a slight cut on a person's skin with sth sharp 抓破；划破；抓伤；划伤: The cat will scratch if you annoy it. 如果你惹恼这只猫，它会抓你的。 The table was badly scratched. 桌子被严重划花了。
3 [I] to make a sound by rubbing a surface with sth sharp 用尖物刮擦表面而发出声音: The dog was scratching at the door to go outside. 那狗在抓门，想要出去。
4 [T] to use sth sharp to make or remove a mark 用尖物刻上或刮掉痕迹: He scratched his name on the top of his desk. 他把名字刻在桌面上。 I tried to scratch the paint off the table. 我试图刮去桌上的油漆。
*scratch²
/skrætʃ ||; skrætʃ/noun
1 [C] a cut, mark or sound that was made by sb/sth sharp rubbing a surface 抓痕；划痕；刮擦声: There's a scratch on the car door. 车门上有刮痕。 ☞picture at blob 见blob插图
2 [sing] an act of scratching part of the body because it is irritating you (itching) 抓；搔痒: The dog had a good scratch. 那只狗痛痛快快地搔痒。
from scratch from the very beginning 从头做起；从零开始: I'm learning Spanish from scratch. 我正在学习西班牙语，从最基本的开始。 (be/come) up to scratch(informal 非正式) (to be/become) good enough 达到标准；令人满意
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch1/skrætʃ; skrætʃ/ v [I,T] 1 to rub your skin with your nails to stop it feeling uncomfortable 挠﹐搔: Try not to scratch those mosquito bites. 尽量不要去抓蚊子叮咬的地方。see picture on page 见 A10 页图 2 to make a long thin cut on someone's skin with your nails, or a mark on something with a sharp object 抓伤﹐抓破﹔刮破: She bit him and scratched his face. 她咬了他还抓破了他的脸。I’m afraid I’ve scratched your car. 不好意思﹐我把你的汽车给刮坏了。 3 if an animal scratches, it rubs its foot against something, making a noise〔用爪子〕抓﹐刨: +at My dog scratches at the door when it wants to come in. 我的狗想进屋的时候就在门上乱抓。 4 to remove something from a surface using something sharp 刮掉: scratch sth off/away etc I managed to scratch off the paint. 我终于把油漆刮掉了。 5 scratch the surface to deal with only a very small part of a problem 仅触及问题的表面: Our aid can only scratch the surface of the problem. 我们的援助只能解决表面问题。
scratch2 n 1 [C] a long thin cut or mark on something 抓痕﹐划痕: Her face was covered in scratches. 她脸上满是划痕。 2 from scratch if you do something from scratch, you start it from the beginning, sometimes for the second time 从头做起﹐从零开始: I deleted the file by mistake and had to start again from scratch. 我误删了文件﹐只好从头再开始。 3 up to scratch BrE informal good enough【英，非正式】够得上标准﹐达到应有水平: Some of your work isn’t up to scratch. 你做的工作其中有些达不到标准。 4 [singular 单数] especially BrE when you rub your skin with your nails【尤英】抓﹐挠: Can you give my back a scratch ? 你帮我抓抓背好吗？
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 5023 COCA: 4644
scratch scratchscratches2 noun (plural scratches)a cut or mark that a sharp thing makes: Her hands were covered in scratches from the cat.from scratch from the beginning: I threw away the letter I was writing and started again from scratch.
scratch scratchscratchesscratchedscratching1 verb (scratches, scratching, scratched )1to move your nails across your skin: She scratched her head.2to cut or make a mark on something with a sharp thing: The cat scratched me!

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