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TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
*rough¹
/rʌf ||; rʌf/adj
1 not smooth, soft or level 不平滑的；不平坦的: rough ground 高低不平的地面 [OPP] smooth or soft 反义词为smooth或soft
2 violent; not calm or gentle 粗暴的；粗鲁的: You can hold the baby, but don't be rough with him. 你可以抱这婴儿，不过别粗手粗脚的。 The sea was rough and half the people on the boat were seasick. 海上风浪很大，小船上半数的人都晕船了。 [OPP] calm 反义词为calm
3 made or done quickly or without much care; approximate 粗率的；大概的；粗略的: a rough estimate 粗略的估计 Can you give me a rough idea of what time you'll be arriving? 可以告诉我你大概什么时间到达吗？
4 (informal 非正式) looking or feeling ill （看上去或感觉）不舒服的: You look a bit rough -- are you feeling all right? 你看来有点不对劲，没什么不舒服吧？ ➔roughness noun [U]
be rough (on sb) be unpleasant or bad luck for sb （对某人来说）难堪的，不幸的
rough²
/rʌf ||; rʌf/noun in rough done quickly without worrying about mistakes, as a preparation for the finished piece of work or drawing 以草稿形式；粗略地 take the rough with the smooth to accept difficult or unpleasant things in addition to pleasant things 好坏一起承受
rough³
/rʌf ||; rʌf/adv in a rough way 粗鲁地；粗野地: One of the boys was told off for playing rough. 其中一个男孩因比赛时动作粗野而遭受申斥。 live/sleep rough to live or sleep outdoors, usually because you have no home or money 住或睡在户外（通常因无家或没钱）
rough⁴
/rʌf ||; rʌf/verb rough it to live without all the comfortable things that you usually have 过不舒适的生活: You have to rough it a bit when you go camping. 露营的时候你只好将就一些。
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough1/rʌf; rʌf/ adj 1 not smooth or even [ smooth ] 粗糙的﹐不平的: rough ground 高低不平的地面rough skin 粗糙的皮肤his rough voice 他粗哑的声音2 a rough description or idea is not exact and has few details [→ approximate]〔描述或想法〕粗略的﹐大致的: Can you give us a rough idea of the cost? 你能告诉我们费用大致是多少吗？a rough draft of an essay 论文的草稿3 if your life or a period of time is rough, it is difficult and unpleasant [ tough ] 〔生活或时期〕艰难的: Sounds like you had a rough day at work. 听起来你今天上班很不顺利。We’ve seen some rough times together. 我们一起经历过一些艰难的日子。My boyfriend and I hit a rough patch . 我和我男朋友之间有了点麻烦。Did you have a rough night (=did you sleep badly)? 你是不是晚上睡得不安稳？4 violent, dangerous, or using too much force 粗暴的﹔危险的﹔粗野的: Ice hockey is a rough sport. 冰球是一项粗野的运动。a rough part of town 镇上危险的地区Don’t be so rough with her. 别对她这么粗暴。A truck can withstand rough treatment . 卡车坚固耐用。The boat sank in rough seas. 小船在波涛汹涌的大海中沉没。5 unfair or unkind 不公平的﹔不友善的: be rough on sb I think you were a bit rough on her. 我觉得你对她有点刻薄。rough justice (=unfair or illegal punishment) 不公平的惩罚﹔私刑 rough justice handed out by street gangs 街头黑帮动用的私刑6 simple or not very well made 简单的﹔制作粗糙的: a rough wooden table 简陋的木桌rough and ready (=not perfect, but good enough to use) 粗糙但尚能用的7 BrE informal ill, untidy, or dirty【英，非正式】不舒服的﹔不整洁的﹔肮脏的: feel/look rough The next morning I felt pretty rough. 第二天早上我觉得很不舒服。—roughness n [U]
rough2 n 1 the rough uneven ground with long grass on a golf course [→ green]〔高尔夫球场的〕深草区 2 take the rough with the smooth to accept the bad things in life as well as the good 好坏都能接受﹔既能享乐也能吃苦
rough3 v rough it to live for a short time in uncomfortable conditions〔短时期〕过不舒适的生活: She wasn’t used to roughing it. 暂时过几天苦日子她不能适应。rough sb up phr v informal to attack and hurt someone by hitting them【非正式】揍﹐向〔某人〕动粗
rough4 adv sleep/live rough BrE to live outdoors because you have no home【英】〔因无家可归而〕露宿
TOEFL IELTS BNC: 2422 COCA: 2627
rough roughroughsroughedroughingrougherroughest adjective (rougher, roughest)pronunciationThe word rough sounds like stuff because sometimes the letters -gh sound like f, in words like enough and tough.1not smooth or flat: It was difficult to walk on the rough ground.2not exactly correct; made or done quickly: Can you give me a rough idea how much it will cost?a rough drawing3not gentle or calm: rough seas

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