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IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break1/brek; breIk/ v past tense broke /brok; brəʊk/past participle broken /ˋbrokən; ˈbrəʊkən/1 [I,T] if something breaks, or if you break it, it separates into pieces, usually because it has been dropped, hit etc 破碎﹐断裂﹔打破﹐打碎﹐折断: I had to break a window to get into the house. 我只得打破窗子进入房子。Watch it – those glasses break easily. 小心 — 那些杯子很容易打碎。break sth in half/two He broke the biscuit in half. 他把饼干分成两半。THESAURUS 同类词smash – used when a plate, glass etc breaks or is broken with a lot of force 砸碎〔盘子﹑玻璃等〕: Angry crowds smashed windows in the city centre. 愤怒的人群在市中心砸碎窗户。shatter – used when a plate, glass etc breaks into a lot of small pieces〔盘子﹑玻璃等〕破碎﹐碎裂: The glass hit the floor, shattering everywhere. 玻璃杯掉到地板上﹐到处都是碎片。crack – used when a plate, glass etc is damaged so that there is a line between two parts of it〔盘子﹑玻璃等〕破裂﹐裂开: Oh no! The vase is cracked. 哦﹐不好了！花瓶裂了。tear – used about paper or cloth 撕破﹐扯破〔纸张或衣服〕: I tore the letter to pieces. 我把信撕成了碎片。snap – to break into two pieces, making a loud noise 喀嚓一声断开: The stick snapped in two. 那条柴枝喀嚓一声断成了两截。burst – used when a tyre or balloon with air inside it or a pipe with liquid inside it breaks〔轮胎﹑气球或管子〕爆裂: Our pipes had burst in the freezing weather. 我们的管道在这极冷的天气下爆裂了。a burst tire 爆掉的轮胎2 [T] to damage a bone in your body by making it crack or split 摔断〔骨头〕﹐使骨折: break your leg/arm etc She fell down and broke her hip. 她跌倒﹐摔断了髋骨。3 [I,T] if you break a tool or a machine, or if it breaks, it no longer works properly 弄坏﹐损坏〔工具或机器〕﹔失灵﹐坏掉: He was playing with the camera and broke it! 他玩着玩着就把照相机弄坏了!4 [T] to disobey a law or rule 违反〔法律或规则〕: Williams denied breaking the law . 威廉姆斯否认自己违法。Students who break the rules will be punished. 违反规定的学生将受到处罚。5 [T] to not do what you promised to do 违背〔诺言〕: The mayor broke a promise to improve schools. 市长违背了要改善学校条件的承诺。You broke your word . 你食言了。6 [I,T] to stop for a short time in order to have a rest or eat something〔为了休息或吃东西而〕暂停: +for We broke for lunch at 12:30. 我们在十二点半休息吃午饭。We can break our journey in Oxford. 我们中途可以在牛津停下来休息。7 [T] to stop something from continuing 使结束: The sound of gunfire broke the silence . 枪声打破了寂静。8 break a habit to stop doing something that you do regularly, especially something that you should not do 改掉某习惯〔尤指坏习惯〕: The program is designed to help drug addicts break their habit. 该计划旨在帮助吸毒者戒毒。9 break sb's heart to make someone very unhappy, especially by ending a relationship with them 使某人伤心[心碎]〔尤指和某人分手〕10 break a record to do something faster, better etc than anyone has ever done it before 打破纪录: an attempt to break the 10,000 metres world record 打破一万米世界纪录的尝试11 break the news (to sb) to tell someone about something bad that has happened 告诉某人坏消息: Ellie called him into her office to break the news. 艾莉把他叫到她的办公室﹐把这个坏消息告诉了他。12 break sb's concentration to stop someone from being able to think about what they are doing 分散某人的注意力: A shout from the crowd broke the golfer's concentration. 人群里的一声喊叫分散了这位高尔夫球员的注意力。13 break loose/free to escape 逃跑﹐逃脱: The cattle broke loose during the night. 夜里牛跑了。14 [I] if news about an important event breaks, it becomes known〔消息〕传开﹐散播: News of his resignation broke yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他辞职的消息传开了。15 break even to neither make a profit nor lose money 不盈不亏﹐收支平衡: We broke even in our first year of business. 我们第一年的生意不赔不赚。16 break the ice informal to make people who have just met feel less nervous and more willing to talk to each other【非正式】打破沉默: I suggested a game to break the ice. 我提议玩一个游戏﹐以打破沉默。17 [I] when a boy's voice breaks, it becomes lower and starts to sound like a man's voice〔男孩子〕变声18 [I] if day or DAWN breaks, light begins to show in the sky as the sun rises〔天〕刚亮﹐破晓19 [I] if the weather breaks, it suddenly changes〔天气〕突变: We went to the coast for a few days until the weather broke. 天气突变之前﹐我们到海边去了几天。20 [I] if a storm breaks, it begins〔暴风雨〕来临﹐突然出现break away phr v 1 to move away from someone who is holding you 挣脱﹐逃脱: She started crying and tried to break away. 她开始哭泣并试图挣脱出去。 2 to leave a group or organization and form another group, usually because of a disagreement〔常因意见不合〕脱离﹐摆脱〔某团体或组织〕: +from They broke away from the national union and set up their own local organization. 他们脱离全国总工会﹐自己成立了一个地方组织。break down phr v 1 if a car or a machine breaks down, it stops working〔汽车或机器〕出故障: My car broke down on the way to work. 我的车在上班途中出了故障。 2 to fail 失败: Negotiations broke down after only two days. 谈判才进行了两天就破裂了。She moved back to America when her marriage broke down . 她婚姻破裂以后就搬回了美国。3 if someone breaks down, they start crying 禁不住痛哭起来: Imelda broke down in tears at the funeral. 伊美黛在葬礼上失声痛哭。 4 break sth down if you break down a door, you hit it so hard that it breaks and falls to the ground 把〔门等〕砸破 5 if a substance breaks down, or if something breaks it down, it changes or separates into smaller parts as a result of a chemical process〔物质〕分解﹔使分解: break sth down Food is broken down in the stomach. 食物在胃里进行分解。break in phr v to use force to enter a building, especially in order to steal something 闯入〔尤为了行窃〕: Burglars broke in during the night and took the stereo. 夜里小偷闯进屋里﹐偷走了立体声音响。break into sth phr v 1 to use force to enter a building or car, especially in order to steal something 闯入〔尤为了行窃〕﹔撬开〔汽车〕: They broke into the room through the back window. 他们从后窗闯入房间。 2 to suddenly start doing something 突然做〔某事〕: He broke into a run as he came round the corner. 他拐过弯角时突然跑了起来。Her face suddenly broke into a smile . 她脸上顿时绽开了笑容。 3 to become involved in a new job or business activity 开始从事﹐打入﹐进入〔新的工作或商业活动〕: American companies are trying to break into Eastern European markets. 美国公司正企图打入东欧市场。break off phr v 1 if something breaks off, or if you break it off, it is separated from the main part of something 折断﹐断开: break sth off She broke off a piece of cheese. 她掰下一块干酪。One of the car's wing mirrors had broken off. 车上的一个侧翼后视镜已脱落了。see box at 见 REMOVE 方框 2 break sth off to end a relationship 断绝〔关系〕: The US has broken off diplomatic relations with Iran. 美国中断了与伊朗的外交关系。She broke off their engagement a week before they were due to be married. 她在他们就要结婚的一个星期前解除了婚约。 3 to suddenly stop doing something or talking to someone 突然结束﹔中断谈话: break sth ⅍ off Without explanation, management broke off contract negotiations. 没有任何解释﹐资方就突然中止了合同谈判。break out phr v 1 if a disease, fire, or war breaks out, it starts〔疾病﹑火灾或战争〕突然发生﹐爆发: Nine months later, war broke out in Korea. 九个月以后﹐朝鲜爆发了战争。see box at 见 FIRE 1 方框2 to escape from prison 越狱（逃跑）: +of Two inmates broke out of prison and murdered a police officer. 两名囚犯越狱逃跑﹐并杀死一名警察。 3 break out in spots/a rash/sweat etc if you break out in spots etc, they appear on your skin 开始出丘疹/红疹/汗等break through (sth) phr v to use force to get through something that is stopping you from moving forward 突破﹔突围: Demonstrators tried to break through police lines. 示威者试图冲破警方的防线。break up phr v 1 break sth up to separate something into smaller parts 分拆﹐分解: They plan to break the company up into several smaller companies. 他们打算把公司分拆成几家小公司。 2 if something breaks up, or if you break it up, it breaks into small pieces（使）碎裂，（使）破碎: The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞碎了。break sth up We used shovels to break up the soil. 我们用铲子松土。 3 to end a relationship with a husband, wife, BOYFRIEND etc〔关系〕破裂﹐分手: Troy and I broke up last month. 特洛伊和我上个月分手了。+with She's broken up with Glen. 她和格伦分手了。 4 break sth up to stop a fight or argument 制止〔殴斗或争吵〕: Three policemen were needed to break up the fight. 需要三名警察来制止这场打斗。 5 if a meeting or party breaks up, people start to leave〔会议或聚会〕结束﹐散场 6 BrE when a school breaks up, it closes for a holiday【英】〔学校〕开始放假: +for When do you break up for Easter? 你们复活节什么时候开始放假？break with sb/sth phr v to leave a group of people or an organization, after a disagreement with them 与…断绝关系﹐与…决裂﹐脱离: Yugoslavia under Tito soon broke with Stalin's Soviet Union. 铁托领导下的南斯拉夫不久就和斯大林统治下的苏联断绝了关系。
break2 n [C] 1 a period of time when you stop what you are doing in order to rest, eat etc 小憩﹐休息: have/take a break Let's take a ten-minute break. 我们休息十分钟吧。lunch/coffee/tea break 午餐/喝咖啡/喝茶休息时间see box at 见 STOP 1 方框2 a short holiday 短暂的假期﹐休假: We flew off for a week's break in Spain. 我们飞去西班牙度假一个星期。(the) Christmas/Easter/summer etc break Are you going anywhere over the Easter break? 复活节放假你打算去什么地方吗？luxury weekend breaks 豪华周末假期3 the place where something, such as a bone in your body, has been broken 骨折﹔断裂: The break has not healed correctly. 骨折没有好好愈合。4 a period of time when something stops happening before it starts again 停顿﹐间歇: +in a break in the conversation 谈话中的暂停5 a space or hole in something 间隔﹔裂口﹐缺口﹔缝隙: +in a break in the clouds 云层的缝隙6 a chance to become successful 机遇﹔好运: The band's big break came when they sang on a local TV show. 乐队的好运来了﹐在一个地方电视台的节目里献唱。7 break with tradition/the past a time when people stop following old customs and do something in a completely different way 打破传统/告别过去: Clark made a complete break with the past and moved to Chile. 克拉克彻底告别过去﹐移居到了智利。8 the break of day literary the morning, when it starts getting light【文】黎明﹐拂晓

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