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IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
*break¹
/breɪk ||; brek/verb (past tense broke /brəʊk ||; brok/ past participle broken /ˈbrəʊkən ||; ˈbrokən/)
1 [I,T] to separate, or make sth separate, into two or more pieces （使）破，碎: She dropped the vase onto the floor and it broke. 她把花瓶掉在地上摔破了。 He broke his leg in a car accident. 他在交通事故中摔断了腿。 ☞picture at chip 见 chip 插图
2 [I,T] (used about a machine, etc) to stop working; to stop a machine, etc working （指机器等）失灵；弄坏: The photocopier has broken. 复印机坏了。 Be careful with my camera -- I don't want you to break it. 我这部照相机你要拿稳，别把它砸坏了。
3 [T] to do sth that is against the law, or against what has been agreed or promised 违反（法律、诺言等）: to break the law/rules/speed limit 犯法；违规；超速 Don't worry -- I never break my promises. 放心好了，我从不食言。
4 [I,T] to stop doing sth for a short time 稍作停顿；停歇: Let's break for coffee now. 我们现在歇一歇喝杯咖啡吧。 We decided to break the journey and stop for lunch. 我们决定歇歇腿吃午饭。
5 [T] to make sth end 使结束；使终止: Once you start smoking it's very difficult to break the habit. 一旦开始吸烟，就很难戒除。 Suddenly, the silence was broken by the sound of a bird singing. 突然间，一只小鸟的歌声打破了四周的寂静。
6 [I] to begin 开始: The day was breaking as I left the house. 我离开那房子时已经晨光初露。 We ran indoors when the storm broke. 突然风雨大作，我们都往屋里躲。 When the story broke in the newspapers, nobody could believe it. 这件事由报章传开的时候，人人都感到难以置信。
7 [I] (used about a wave) to reach its highest point and begin to fall （指海浪）冲击: I watched the waves breaking on the rocks. 我观看了惊涛拍岸的情景。
8 [I] (used about the voice) to change suddenly （指嗓音）突然变化；变声: Most boys' voices break when they are 13 or 14 years old. 大多数男孩子到了13、14岁的时候嗓音变粗。 His voice was breaking with emotion as he spoke. 他说话时因情绪激动而声音有变。
For idioms containing break, look at the entries for nouns, adjectives, etc. For example, break even is at even. 含 break 的习语，参看有关名词、形容词等词条，如 break even 可参看词条 even。 break away (from sb/sth)
1 to escape suddenly from sb who is holding you 逃脱
2 to leave a political party, state, etc in order to form a new one 脱离（政党、国家等）另立门户
break down
1 (used about a vehicle or machine) to stop working （指车或机器）失灵: Akram's car broke down on the way to work this morning. 今早阿克拉姆的车子在上班途中抛了锚。
2 (used about a system, discussion, etc) to fail （指制度、会谈等）崩溃，破裂: Talks between the two countries have completely broken down. 两国之间的谈判完全破裂。
3 to lose control of your feelings and start crying （无法控制情绪而）哭起来: He broke down in tears when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息就禁不住哭了起来。
break sth down
1 to destroy sth by using force 捣毁；撞毁: The police had to break down the door to get into the house. 警方不得不破门而入。
2 to make a substance separate into parts or change into a different form in a chemical process 分解: Food is broken down in our bodies by the digestive system. 食物在我们体内由消化系统分解。
break in to enter a building by force, usually in order to steal sth 闯入房子（通常指进行盗窃） break in (on sth) to interrupt when sb else is speaking 打断别人的话；打岔: The waiter broke in on our conversation to tell me I had a phone call. 服务员打断我们的谈话，说我有电话。 break into sth
1 to enter a place that is closed 闯入（关闭的地方）: Thieves broke into his car and stole the radio. 窃贼闯进他的汽车偷走了收音机。 (figurative 比喻) The company is trying to break into the Japanese market. 公司正试图打进日本市场。
2 to start doing sth suddenly 突然有某种举动: to break into song/a run 突然放声歌唱／拔腿就跑
break off to suddenly stop doing or saying sth 突然停止做某事；突然住口: He started speaking and then broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他开始说话，但说了一半便停了下来。 break (sth) off to remove a part of sth by force; to be removed in this way （使）折断，脱落: Could you break off another bit of chocolate for me? 可不可以给我再掰一小块巧克力？ break sth off to end a relationship suddenly 突然中止某种关系: After a bad argument, they decided to break off their engagement. 他们俩发生激烈争执后，决定解除婚约。 break out (used about fighting, wars, fires, etc) to start suddenly （指斗殴、战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发 break out in sth to suddenly have a skin problem 皮肤突然出疹: to break out in spots/a rash 出红斑；发皮疹 break out (of sth) to escape from a prison, etc 逃出（监狱等） break through (sth) to manage to get past sth that is stopping you 冲破；突破: The protesters were trying to break through the line of police. 抗议的人试图冲破警方的封锁线。 break up
1 (used about events that involve a group of people) to end or finish （指一群人参与的活动）结束，告终，完成: The meeting broke up just before lunch. 会议就在午饭前结束。
2 (Brit 英) to start school holidays 学校开始放假: When do you break up for the summer holidays? 你什么时候放暑假？
break up (with sb) to end a relationship with a wife, husband, girlfriend or boyfriend 跟（某人）断绝关系；与（某人）分手: She's broken up with her boyfriend. 她跟男朋友分手了。 break (sth) up to separate into parts （使）分成若干部份: The ship broke up on the rocks. 这船撞在岩石上，断成几截了。 break sth up to end an event by separating the people who are involved in it （驱散群众）结束活动: The police arrived and broke up the fight. 警方到场驱散群众，平息殴斗。 break with sth to end a relationship or connection with sb/sth 断绝关系或联系: to break with tradition/the past 摒弃传统；与过去决裂
*break²
/breɪk ||; brek/noun[C]
1 a place where sth has been broken 缺口；裂口: a break in a pipe 管上的裂缝
2 an opening or space in sth 豁口；空隙: Wait for a break in the traffic before you cross the road. 要等到没有车辆经过的时候才过马路。
3 a short period of rest 歇气；小歇一会儿: We worked all day without a break. 我们一天到晚干活，没歇过一口气。 to take a break 歇气 ☞Look at the note at interval. 参看 interval 的注释。
4 break (in sth);break (with sb/sth) a change from what usually happens or an end to sth 改变；结束: The incident led to a break in diplomatic relations. 这次事件导致外交关系破裂。 She wanted to make a complete break with the past. 她想与既往彻底决裂。
5 (informal 非正式) a piece of good luck 好运；运气: to give sb a break (= to help sb by giving him/her a chance to be successful) 给某人一个机会
break of day the time when light first appears in the morning; dawn 破晓；黎明 give sb a break
1 used to tell sb to stop saying things that are annoying or not true （用于教某人别再说恼人的话或假话）饶了我吧，够了: Give me a break and stop nagging, OK! 我不要听这种话，别再唠叨不休，好吗！
2 (especially US 尤为美) to be fair to sb 公正对待某人
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break1/brek; breIk/ v past tense broke /brok; brəʊk/past participle broken /ˋbrokən; ˈbrəʊkən/1 [I,T] if something breaks, or if you break it, it separates into pieces, usually because it has been dropped, hit etc 破碎﹐断裂﹔打破﹐打碎﹐折断: I had to break a window to get into the house. 我只得打破窗子进入房子。Watch it – those glasses break easily. 小心 — 那些杯子很容易打碎。break sth in half/two He broke the biscuit in half. 他把饼干分成两半。THESAURUS 同类词smash – used when a plate, glass etc breaks or is broken with a lot of force 砸碎〔盘子﹑玻璃等〕: Angry crowds smashed windows in the city centre. 愤怒的人群在市中心砸碎窗户。shatter – used when a plate, glass etc breaks into a lot of small pieces〔盘子﹑玻璃等〕破碎﹐碎裂: The glass hit the floor, shattering everywhere. 玻璃杯掉到地板上﹐到处都是碎片。crack – used when a plate, glass etc is damaged so that there is a line between two parts of it〔盘子﹑玻璃等〕破裂﹐裂开: Oh no! The vase is cracked. 哦﹐不好了！花瓶裂了。tear – used about paper or cloth 撕破﹐扯破〔纸张或衣服〕: I tore the letter to pieces. 我把信撕成了碎片。snap – to break into two pieces, making a loud noise 喀嚓一声断开: The stick snapped in two. 那条柴枝喀嚓一声断成了两截。burst – used when a tyre or balloon with air inside it or a pipe with liquid inside it breaks〔轮胎﹑气球或管子〕爆裂: Our pipes had burst in the freezing weather. 我们的管道在这极冷的天气下爆裂了。a burst tire 爆掉的轮胎2 [T] to damage a bone in your body by making it crack or split 摔断〔骨头〕﹐使骨折: break your leg/arm etc She fell down and broke her hip. 她跌倒﹐摔断了髋骨。3 [I,T] if you break a tool or a machine, or if it breaks, it no longer works properly 弄坏﹐损坏〔工具或机器〕﹔失灵﹐坏掉: He was playing with the camera and broke it! 他玩着玩着就把照相机弄坏了!4 [T] to disobey a law or rule 违反〔法律或规则〕: Williams denied breaking the law . 威廉姆斯否认自己违法。Students who break the rules will be punished. 违反规定的学生将受到处罚。5 [T] to not do what you promised to do 违背〔诺言〕: The mayor broke a promise to improve schools. 市长违背了要改善学校条件的承诺。You broke your word . 你食言了。6 [I,T] to stop for a short time in order to have a rest or eat something〔为了休息或吃东西而〕暂停: +for We broke for lunch at 12:30. 我们在十二点半休息吃午饭。We can break our journey in Oxford. 我们中途可以在牛津停下来休息。7 [T] to stop something from continuing 使结束: The sound of gunfire broke the silence . 枪声打破了寂静。8 break a habit to stop doing something that you do regularly, especially something that you should not do 改掉某习惯〔尤指坏习惯〕: The program is designed to help drug addicts break their habit. 该计划旨在帮助吸毒者戒毒。9 break sb's heart to make someone very unhappy, especially by ending a relationship with them 使某人伤心[心碎]〔尤指和某人分手〕10 break a record to do something faster, better etc than anyone has ever done it before 打破纪录: an attempt to break the 10,000 metres world record 打破一万米世界纪录的尝试11 break the news (to sb) to tell someone about something bad that has happened 告诉某人坏消息: Ellie called him into her office to break the news. 艾莉把他叫到她的办公室﹐把这个坏消息告诉了他。12 break sb's concentration to stop someone from being able to think about what they are doing 分散某人的注意力: A shout from the crowd broke the golfer's concentration. 人群里的一声喊叫分散了这位高尔夫球员的注意力。13 break loose/free to escape 逃跑﹐逃脱: The cattle broke loose during the night. 夜里牛跑了。14 [I] if news about an important event breaks, it becomes known〔消息〕传开﹐散播: News of his resignation broke yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他辞职的消息传开了。15 break even to neither make a profit nor lose money 不盈不亏﹐收支平衡: We broke even in our first year of business. 我们第一年的生意不赔不赚。16 break the ice informal to make people who have just met feel less nervous and more willing to talk to each other【非正式】打破沉默: I suggested a game to break the ice. 我提议玩一个游戏﹐以打破沉默。17 [I] when a boy's voice breaks, it becomes lower and starts to sound like a man's voice〔男孩子〕变声18 [I] if day or DAWN breaks, light begins to show in the sky as the sun rises〔天〕刚亮﹐破晓19 [I] if the weather breaks, it suddenly changes〔天气〕突变: We went to the coast for a few days until the weather broke. 天气突变之前﹐我们到海边去了几天。20 [I] if a storm breaks, it begins〔暴风雨〕来临﹐突然出现break away phr v 1 to move away from someone who is holding you 挣脱﹐逃脱: She started crying and tried to break away. 她开始哭泣并试图挣脱出去。 2 to leave a group or organization and form another group, usually because of a disagreement〔常因意见不合〕脱离﹐摆脱〔某团体或组织〕: +from They broke away from the national union and set up their own local organization. 他们脱离全国总工会﹐自己成立了一个地方组织。break down phr v 1 if a car or a machine breaks down, it stops working〔汽车或机器〕出故障: My car broke down on the way to work. 我的车在上班途中出了故障。 2 to fail 失败: Negotiations broke down after only two days. 谈判才进行了两天就破裂了。She moved back to America when her marriage broke down . 她婚姻破裂以后就搬回了美国。3 if someone breaks down, they start crying 禁不住痛哭起来: Imelda broke down in tears at the funeral. 伊美黛在葬礼上失声痛哭。 4 break sth down if you break down a door, you hit it so hard that it breaks and falls to the ground 把〔门等〕砸破 5 if a substance breaks down, or if something breaks it down, it changes or separates into smaller parts as a result of a chemical process〔物质〕分解﹔使分解: break sth down Food is broken down in the stomach. 食物在胃里进行分解。break in phr v to use force to enter a building, especially in order to steal something 闯入〔尤为了行窃〕: Burglars broke in during the night and took the stereo. 夜里小偷闯进屋里﹐偷走了立体声音响。break into sth phr v 1 to use force to enter a building or car, especially in order to steal something 闯入〔尤为了行窃〕﹔撬开〔汽车〕: They broke into the room through the back window. 他们从后窗闯入房间。 2 to suddenly start doing something 突然做〔某事〕: He broke into a run as he came round the corner. 他拐过弯角时突然跑了起来。Her face suddenly broke into a smile . 她脸上顿时绽开了笑容。 3 to become involved in a new job or business activity 开始从事﹐打入﹐进入〔新的工作或商业活动〕: American companies are trying to break into Eastern European markets. 美国公司正企图打入东欧市场。break off phr v 1 if something breaks off, or if you break it off, it is separated from the main part of something 折断﹐断开: break sth off She broke off a piece of cheese. 她掰下一块干酪。One of the car's wing mirrors had broken off. 车上的一个侧翼后视镜已脱落了。see box at 见 REMOVE 方框 2 break sth off to end a relationship 断绝〔关系〕: The US has broken off diplomatic relations with Iran. 美国中断了与伊朗的外交关系。She broke off their engagement a week before they were due to be married. 她在他们就要结婚的一个星期前解除了婚约。 3 to suddenly stop doing something or talking to someone 突然结束﹔中断谈话: break sth ⅍ off Without explanation, management broke off contract negotiations. 没有任何解释﹐资方就突然中止了合同谈判。break out phr v 1 if a disease, fire, or war breaks out, it starts〔疾病﹑火灾或战争〕突然发生﹐爆发: Nine months later, war broke out in Korea. 九个月以后﹐朝鲜爆发了战争。see box at 见 FIRE 1 方框2 to escape from prison 越狱（逃跑）: +of Two inmates broke out of prison and murdered a police officer. 两名囚犯越狱逃跑﹐并杀死一名警察。 3 break out in spots/a rash/sweat etc if you break out in spots etc, they appear on your skin 开始出丘疹/红疹/汗等break through (sth) phr v to use force to get through something that is stopping you from moving forward 突破﹔突围: Demonstrators tried to break through police lines. 示威者试图冲破警方的防线。break up phr v 1 break sth up to separate something into smaller parts 分拆﹐分解: They plan to break the company up into several smaller companies. 他们打算把公司分拆成几家小公司。 2 if something breaks up, or if you break it up, it breaks into small pieces（使）碎裂，（使）破碎: The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞碎了。break sth up We used shovels to break up the soil. 我们用铲子松土。 3 to end a relationship with a husband, wife, BOYFRIEND etc〔关系〕破裂﹐分手: Troy and I broke up last month. 特洛伊和我上个月分手了。+with She's broken up with Glen. 她和格伦分手了。 4 break sth up to stop a fight or argument 制止〔殴斗或争吵〕: Three policemen were needed to break up the fight. 需要三名警察来制止这场打斗。 5 if a meeting or party breaks up, people start to leave〔会议或聚会〕结束﹐散场 6 BrE when a school breaks up, it closes for a holiday【英】〔学校〕开始放假: +for When do you break up for Easter? 你们复活节什么时候开始放假？break with sb/sth phr v to leave a group of people or an organization, after a disagreement with them 与…断绝关系﹐与…决裂﹐脱离: Yugoslavia under Tito soon broke with Stalin's Soviet Union. 铁托领导下的南斯拉夫不久就和斯大林统治下的苏联断绝了关系。
break2 n [C] 1 a period of time when you stop what you are doing in order to rest, eat etc 小憩﹐休息: have/take a break Let's take a ten-minute break. 我们休息十分钟吧。lunch/coffee/tea break 午餐/喝咖啡/喝茶休息时间see box at 见 STOP 1 方框2 a short holiday 短暂的假期﹐休假: We flew off for a week's break in Spain. 我们飞去西班牙度假一个星期。(the) Christmas/Easter/summer etc break Are you going anywhere over the Easter break? 复活节放假你打算去什么地方吗？luxury weekend breaks 豪华周末假期3 the place where something, such as a bone in your body, has been broken 骨折﹔断裂: The break has not healed correctly. 骨折没有好好愈合。4 a period of time when something stops happening before it starts again 停顿﹐间歇: +in a break in the conversation 谈话中的暂停5 a space or hole in something 间隔﹔裂口﹐缺口﹔缝隙: +in a break in the clouds 云层的缝隙6 a chance to become successful 机遇﹔好运: The band's big break came when they sang on a local TV show. 乐队的好运来了﹐在一个地方电视台的节目里献唱。7 break with tradition/the past a time when people stop following old customs and do something in a completely different way 打破传统/告别过去: Clark made a complete break with the past and moved to Chile. 克拉克彻底告别过去﹐移居到了智利。8 the break of day literary the morning, when it starts getting light【文】黎明﹐拂晓
IELTS BNC: 519 COCA: 494
break breakbreaks2 noun1a short time when you stop doing something: We worked all day without a break.2a place where something opens or has broken: The sun shone through a break in the clouds.
break breakbreaksbrokebreakingbroken1 verb (breaks, breaking, broke /, has broken )1to make something go into smaller pieces, for example by dropping it or hitting it: He broke the window. She has broken her arm.2to go into smaller pieces, for example by falling or hitting: I dropped the cup and it broke.3to stop working; to damage a machine so that it stops working: You've broken my watch.4to do something that is against the law or against what has been agreed or promised: People who break the law must be punished. I never break my promises.break down1If a machine or car breaks down, it stops working: We were late because our car broke down.2If a person breaks down, they start to cry: He broke down when he heard the news.break in, break into something to go into a place by breaking a door or window so that you can steal something: Thieves broke into the house. They broke in through a window.break off to take away a piece of something by breaking it: He broke off a piece of chocolate for me.break out1to start suddenly: A fire broke out last night.2to get free from a place like a prison: Four prisoners broke out of the jail last night.break up (British) to start the school holidays: We break up at the end of July.break up with somebody to end a relationship with somebody: Susy broke up with her boyfriend last week.

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